第一章-第三节-Java开发环境配置

第一章 第三节：Java开发环境配置

引言

在前两节中，我们深入了解了MCP协议的核心概念以及Cursor IDE与MCP的深度集成。现在，让我们将注意力转向实际的环境配置。一个完善的Java开发环境是充分发挥MCP和Cursor IDE强大功能的基础。本节将详细介绍如何从零开始配置一个现代化的Java开发环境，为后续的实战开发奠定坚实基础。

开发环境架构概览

整体架构设计

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Java开发环境架构                          │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Application Layer (应用层)                                 │
│  ├── Cursor IDE (代码编辑器)                                │
│  ├── MCP Client (MCP客户端)                                │
│  └── Browser (浏览器)                                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Development Tools Layer (开发工具层)                       │
│  ├── JDK (Java开发工具包)                                   │
│  ├── Maven/Gradle (构建工具)                                │
│  ├── Git (版本控制)                                         │
│  └── Docker (容器化)                                        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Runtime Environment Layer (运行时环境层)                   │
│  ├── JVM (Java虚拟机)                                       │
│  ├── Spring Boot (应用框架)                                 │
│  ├── Nacos (服务注册中心)                                   │
│  └── MySQL/Redis (数据存储)                                 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  System Layer (系统层)                                      │
│  ├── Windows/macOS/Linux (操作系统)                         │
│  ├── Network (网络环境)                                     │
│  └── Hardware (硬件资源)                                    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

环境配置原则

1. 版本兼容性

• JDK版本：推荐使用JDK 17或21（LTS版本）
• Maven版本：3.8.0以上
• Gradle版本：7.0以上
• Spring Boot版本：3.x系列

2. 工具链统一

• 使用统一的构建工具（Maven或Gradle）
• 统一的代码格式化工具
• 统一的静态代码分析工具
• 统一的测试框架

3. 环境隔离

• 开发环境、测试环境、生产环境分离
• 使用Docker进行环境隔离
• 配置文件外部化管理

JDK安装与配置

1. JDK版本选择

版本对比分析

推荐配置

# 推荐使用JDK 17作为主要开发版本
# 同时安装JDK 21用于新特性探索

# 检查当前Java版本
java -version
javac -version

# 预期输出
# openjdk version \"17.0.9\" 2023-10-17
# OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.9+9-Ubuntu-120.04.1)
# OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.9+9-Ubuntu-120.04.1, mixed mode, sharing)

2. 多版本JDK管理

使用SDKMAN管理JDK版本

# 安装SDKMAN
curl -s \"https://get.sdkman.io\" | bash
source \"$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh\"

# 查看可用的JDK版本
sdk list java

# 安装JDK 17
sdk install java 17.0.9-tem

# 安装JDK 21
sdk install java 21.0.1-tem

# 切换JDK版本
sdk use java 17.0.9-tem

# 设置默认版本
sdk default java 17.0.9-tem

Windows环境配置

# 使用Chocolatey安装JDK
# 安装Chocolatey（如果未安装）
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString(\'https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1\'))

# 安装JDK 17
choco install openjdk17

# 安装JDK 21
choco install openjdk21

# 设置环境变量
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(\"JAVA_HOME\", \"C:Program FilesEclipse Adoptiumjdk-17.0.9.9-hotspot\", \"Machine\")
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(\"PATH\", $env:PATH + \";$env:JAVA_HOMEbin\", \"Machine\")

3. JVM参数优化

开发环境JVM参数

# 开发环境JVM参数配置
export JAVA_OPTS=\"-Xms512m -Xmx2g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:+UseStringDeduplication -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai\"

# 详细参数说明
# -Xms512m: 初始堆内存大小
# -Xmx2g: 最大堆内存大小
# -XX:+UseG1GC: 使用G1垃圾收集器
# -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200: 最大GC暂停时间
# -XX:+UseStringDeduplication: 字符串去重
# -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat: 字符串连接优化
# -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8: 文件编码
# -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai: 时区设置

生产环境JVM参数

# 生产环境JVM参数配置
export JAVA_OPTS=\"-Xms2g -Xmx8g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=100 -XX:+UseStringDeduplication -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=/var/logs/heapdump.hprof -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai -Dspring.profiles.active=prod\"

# 生产环境额外参数
# -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError: OOM时生成堆转储
# -XX:HeapDumpPath: 堆转储文件路径
# -Dspring.profiles.active=prod: 激活生产环境配置

Maven配置与优化

1. Maven安装与配置

安装Maven

# 使用SDKMAN安装Maven
sdk install maven 3.9.6

# 或者手动安装
wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-3/3.9.6/binaries/apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz
tar -xzf apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz
sudo mv apache-maven-3.9.6 /opt/maven

# 设置环境变量
export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/maven
export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin

Maven配置文件

<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>
<settings xmlns=\"http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0\"
          xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
          xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 
          http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd\">

    
    <localRepository>${user.home}/.m2/repository</localRepository>

    
    <servers>
        <server>
            <id>nexus</id>
            <username>admin</username>
            <password>admin123</password>
        </server>
    </servers>

    
    <mirrors>
        <mirror>
            <id>aliyun</id>
            <name>Aliyun Maven</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
        </mirror>
    </mirrors>

    
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>jdk-17</id>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
                <jdk>17</jdk>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
                <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
                <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>17</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    
    <activeProfiles>
        <activeProfile>jdk-17</activeProfile>
    </activeProfiles>
</settings>

2. Maven项目配置

父POM配置

<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>
<project xmlns=\"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0\"
         xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
         xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd\">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-management-system</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <name>User Management System</name>
    <description>基于Spring Boot和Nacos的用户管理系统</description>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        
        
        <spring-boot.version>3.2.0</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2022.0.0.0</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        <nacos.version>2.3.0</nacos.version>
        <mysql.version>8.0.33</mysql.version>
        <mybatis-plus.version>3.5.4</mybatis-plus.version>
        <druid.version>1.2.20</druid.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.30</lombok.version>
        <mapstruct.version>1.5.5.Final</mapstruct.version>
        <junit.version>5.10.0</junit.version>
        <mockito.version>5.6.0</mockito.version>
    </properties>

    <modules>
        <module>user-service</module>
        <module>order-service</module>
        <module>payment-service</module>
        <module>common</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis-plus.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
                <artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
                <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
                <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
                <version>${mockito.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>
                                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                            </exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>

                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.11.0</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>17</source>
                        <target>17</target>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                        <annotationProcessorPaths>
                            <path>
                                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                            </path>
                            <path>
                                <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
                                <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
                                <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
                            </path>
                        </annotationProcessorPaths>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>

                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.2</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <includes>
                            <include>**/*Test.java</include>
                            <include>**/*Tests.java</include>
                        </includes>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>

                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.2</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <includes>
                            <include>**/*IT.java</include>
                            <include>**/*IntegrationTest.java</include>
                        </includes>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <spring.profiles.active>dev</spring.profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>

        <profile>
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <spring.profiles.active>test</spring.profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>

        <profile>
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <spring.profiles.active>prod</spring.profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>

3. Maven插件配置

代码质量插件

<build>
    <plugins>
        
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <configLocation>checkstyle.xml</configLocation>
                <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                <consoleOutput>true</consoleOutput>
                <failsOnError>true</failsOnError>
                <linkXRef>false</linkXRef>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>validate</id>
                    <phase>validate</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>check</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>

        
        <plugin>
            <groupId>com.github.spotbugs</groupId>
            <artifactId>spotbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>4.7.3.6</version>
            <configuration>
                <effort>Max</effort>
                <threshold>Low</threshold>
                <xmlOutput>true</xmlOutput>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>check</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>

        
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
            <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.8.10</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                    <id>report</id>
                    <phase>test</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>report</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

Gradle配置与优化

1. Gradle安装与配置

安装Gradle

# 使用SDKMAN安装Gradle
sdk install gradle 8.5

# 或者使用包管理器
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install gradle

# macOS
brew install gradle

# Windows
choco install gradle

Gradle配置文件

# gradle.properties
# 项目配置
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=512m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
org.gradle.parallel=true
org.gradle.caching=true
org.gradle.daemon=true

# 编码配置
systemProp.file.encoding=UTF-8
systemProp.user.timezone=Asia/Shanghai

# 构建配置
org.gradle.configureondemand=true
org.gradle.workers.max=4

2. Gradle项目配置

父项目build.gradle

// build.gradle
plugins {
    id \'java\'
    id \'org.springframework.boot\' version \'3.2.0\'
    id \'io.spring.dependency-management\' version \'1.1.4\'
    id \'checkstyle\'
    id \'pmd\'
    id \'jacoco\'
}

group = \'com.example\'
version = \'1.0.0\'
sourceCompatibility = \'17\'

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    maven { url \'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public\' }
}

ext {
    set(\'springCloudVersion\', \"2023.0.0\")
    set(\'springCloudAlibabaVersion\', \"2022.0.0.0\")
    set(\'nacosVersion\', \"2.3.0\")
    set(\'mysqlVersion\', \"8.0.33\")
    set(\'mybatisPlusVersion\', \"3.5.4\")
    set(\'druidVersion\', \"1.2.20\")
    set(\'lombokVersion\', \"1.18.30\")
    set(\'mapstructVersion\', \"1.5.5.Final\")
    set(\'junitVersion\', \"5.10.0\")
    set(\'mockitoVersion\', \"5.6.0\")
}

dependencies {
    // Spring Boot
    implementation \'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web\'
    implementation \'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa\'
    implementation \'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-validation\'
    implementation \'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator\'
    
    // Spring Cloud
    implementation \'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-openfeign\'
    implementation \'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer\'
    
    // Spring Cloud Alibaba
    implementation \'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery\'
    implementation \'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config\'
    
    // 数据库
    implementation \"mysql:mysql-connector-java:${mysqlVersion}\"
    implementation \"com.baomidou:mybatis-plus-boot-starter:${mybatisPlusVersion}\"
    implementation \"com.alibaba:druid-spring-boot-starter:${druidVersion}\"
    
    // 工具类
    compileOnly \"org.projectlombok:lombok:${lombokVersion}\"
    annotationProcessor \"org.projectlombok:lombok:${lombokVersion}\"
    implementation \"org.mapstruct:mapstruct:${mapstructVersion}\"
    annotationProcessor \"org.mapstruct:mapstruct-processor:${mapstructVersion}\"
    
    // 测试
    testImplementation \"org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test\"
    testImplementation \"org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:${junitVersion}\"
    testImplementation \"org.mockito:mockito-core:${mockitoVersion}\"
}

dependencyManagement {
    imports {
        mavenBom \"org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}\"
        mavenBom \"com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies:${springCloudAlibabaVersion}\"
    }
}

// 代码质量配置
checkstyle {
    toolVersion = \'10.12.4\'
    configFile = file(\'checkstyle.xml\')
    ignoreFailures = false
}

pmd {
    toolVersion = \'6.55.0\'
    ruleSetFiles = files(\'pmd-ruleset.xml\')
    ignoreFailures = false
}

jacoco {
    toolVersion = \'0.8.10\'
}

jacocoTestReport {
    reports {
        xml.required = true
        html.required = true
    }
}

jacocoTestCoverageVerification {
    violationRules {
        rule {
            limit {
                minimum = 0.80
            }
        }
    }
}

// 测试配置
test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
    finalizedBy jacocoTestReport
    finalizedBy jacocoTestCoverageVerification
}

// 构建配置
build {
    dependsOn check
    dependsOn jacocoTestReport
}

IDE插件安装与配置

1. Cursor IDE插件推荐

必装插件

// .cursor/extensions.json
{
  \"recommendations\": [
    // Java开发
    \"redhat.java\",
    \"vscjava.vscode-java-debug\",
    \"vscjava.vscode-java-test\",
    \"vscjava.vscode-maven\",
    \"vscjava.vscode-gradle\",
    
    // Spring Boot
    \"vmware.vscode-spring-boot\",
    \"pivotal.vscode-spring-boot-dashboard\",
    
    // 代码质量
    \"sonarsource.sonarlint-vscode\",
    \"ms-vscode.vscode-json\",
    
    // 数据库
    \"ms-mssql.mssql\",
    \"mtxr.sqltools\",
    \"mtxr.sqltools-driver-mysql\",
    
    // 工具
    \"ms-vscode.vscode-docker\",
    \"ms-kubernetes-tools.vscode-kubernetes-tools\",
    \"ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers\",
    
    // Git
    \"eamodio.gitlens\",
    \"mhutchie.git-graph\",
    
    // 其他
    \"ms-vscode.vscode-yaml\",
    \"redhat.vscode-xml\",
    \"ms-vscode.vscode-markdown\"
  ]
}

插件配置

// .cursor/settings.json
{
  // Java配置
  \"java.configuration.updateBuildConfiguration\": \"automatic\",
  \"java.compile.nullAnalysis.mode\": \"automatic\",
  \"java.format.settings.url\": \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/styleguide/gh-pages/eclipse-java-google-style.xml\",
  \"java.format.settings.profile\": \"GoogleStyle\",
  
  // Spring Boot配置
  \"spring-boot.ls.java.home\": \"/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk\",
  \"spring-boot.ls.java.vmargs\": \"-Xmx1024m\",
  
  // 代码质量配置
  \"sonarlint.connectedMode.servers\": [
    {
      \"serverId\": \"sonarqube\",
      \"serverUrl\": \"http://localhost:9000\",
      \"token\": \"your-token\"
    }
  ],
  
  // 数据库配置
  \"sqltools.connections\": [
    {
      \"name\": \"MySQL Local\",
      \"driver\": \"MySQL\",
      \"server\": \"localhost\",
      \"port\": 3306,
      \"database\": \"userdb\",
      \"username\": \"root\",
      \"password\": \"password\"
    }
  ],
  
  // Git配置
  \"gitlens.codeLens.enabled\": true,
  \"gitlens.currentLine.enabled\": true,
  \"gitlens.hovers.currentLine.over\": \"line\",
  
  // 编辑器配置
  \"editor.formatOnSave\": true,
  \"editor.codeActionsOnSave\": {
    \"source.organizeImports\": true,
    \"source.fixAll\": true
  },
  
  // 文件配置
  \"files.autoSave\": \"afterDelay\",
  \"files.autoSaveDelay\": 1000,
  \"files.encoding\": \"utf8\",
  \"files.eol\": \"n\"
}

2. 代码格式化配置

Checkstyle配置

<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>
<!DOCTYPE module PUBLIC
    \"-//Checkstyle//DTD Checkstyle Configuration 1.3//EN\"
    \"https://checkstyle.org/dtds/configuration_1_3.dtd\">

<module name=\"Checker\">
    <property name=\"charset\" value=\"UTF-8\"/>
    <property name=\"severity\" value=\"warning\"/>
    <property name=\"fileExtensions\" value=\"java, properties, xml\"/>
    
    
    <module name=\"BeforeExecutionExclusionFileFilter\">
        <property name=\"fileNamePattern\" value=\"module-info.java$\"/>
    </module>
    
    
    <module name=\"FileLength\">
        <property name=\"max\" value=\"2000\"/>
    </module>
    
    
    <module name=\"LineLength\">
        <property name=\"fileExtensions\" value=\"java\"/>
        <property name=\"max\" value=\"120\"/>
    </module>
    
    
    <module name=\"TreeWalker\">
        
        <module name=\"AvoidStarImport\"/>
        <module name=\"IllegalImport\"/>
        <module name=\"RedundantImport\"/>
        <module name=\"UnusedImports\"/>
        
        
        <module name=\"ConstantName\"/>
        <module name=\"LocalFinalVariableName\"/>
        <module name=\"LocalVariableName\"/>
        <module name=\"MemberName\"/>
        <module name=\"MethodName\"/>
        <module name=\"PackageName\"/>
        <module name=\"ParameterName\"/>
        <module name=\"StaticVariableName\"/>
        <module name=\"TypeName\"/>
        
        
        <module name=\"MethodLength\">
            <property name=\"max\" value=\"150\"/>
        </module>
        <module name=\"ParameterNumber\">
            <property name=\"max\" value=\"7\"/>
        </module>
        
        
        <module name=\"EmptyForIteratorPad\"/>
        <module name=\"GenericWhitespace\"/>
        <module name=\"MethodParamPad\"/>
        <module name=\"NoWhitespaceAfter\"/>
        <module name=\"NoWhitespaceBefore\"/>
        <module name=\"OperatorWrap\"/>
        <module name=\"ParenPad\"/>
        <module name=\"TypecastParenPad\"/>
        <module name=\"WhitespaceAfter\"/>
        <module name=\"WhitespaceAround\"/>
        
        
        <module name=\"ModifierOrder\"/>
        <module name=\"RedundantModifier\"/>
        
        
        <module name=\"AvoidNestedBlocks\"/>
        <module name=\"EmptyBlock\"/>
        <module name=\"LeftCurly\"/>
        <module name=\"NeedBraces\"/>
        <module name=\"RightCurly\"/>
        
        
        <module name=\"EmptyStatement\"/>
        <module name=\"EqualsHashCode\"/>
        <module name=\"HiddenField\"/>
        <module name=\"IllegalInstantiation\"/>
        <module name=\"InnerAssignment\"/>
        <module name=\"MagicNumber\"/>
        <module name=\"MissingSwitchDefault\"/>
        <module name=\"MultipleVariableDeclarations\"/>
        <module name=\"SimplifyBooleanExpression\"/>
        <module name=\"SimplifyBooleanReturn\"/>
        
        
        <module name=\"DesignForExtension\"/>
        <module name=\"FinalClass\"/>
        <module name=\"HideUtilityClassConstructor\"/>
        <module name=\"InterfaceIsType\"/>
        <module name=\"VisibilityModifier\"/>
        
        
        <module name=\"ArrayTypeStyle\"/>
        <module name=\"FinalParameters\"/>
        <module name=\"TodoComment\"/>
        <module name=\"UpperEll\"/>
    </module>
</module>

数据库环境配置

1. MySQL安装与配置

Docker方式安装

# docker-compose.yml
version: \'3.8\'

services:
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    container_name: mysql-dev
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root123
      MYSQL_DATABASE: userdb
      MYSQL_USER: appuser
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: app123
    ports:
      - \"3306:3306\"
    volumes:
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d
      - ./mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
    command: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    container_name: redis-dev
    restart: always
    ports:
      - \"6379:6379\"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data

volumes:
  mysql_data:
  redis_data:

MySQL配置文件

# mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf
[mysqld]
# 基本配置
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

# 连接配置
max_connections=1000
max_connect_errors=1000
wait_timeout=28800
interactive_timeout=28800

# 缓存配置
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

# 查询缓存
query_cache_type=1
query_cache_size=64M
query_cache_limit=2M

# 慢查询日志
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql/slow.log
long_query_time=2

# 二进制日志
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=ROW
expire_logs_days=7

2. Redis安装与配置

Redis配置文件

# redis.conf
# 基本配置
bind 0.0.0.0
port 6379
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 300

# 内存配置
maxmemory 512mb
maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru

# 持久化配置
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

# 日志配置
loglevel notice
logfile /var/log/redis/redis.log

# 安全配置
requirepass redis123

开发工具链配置

1. Git配置

Git全局配置

# 基本配置
git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"
git config --global user.email \"your.email@example.com\"
git config --global init.defaultBranch main

# 编辑器配置
git config --global core.editor \"cursor --wait\"
git config --global core.autocrlf input
git config --global core.safecrlf true

# 别名配置
git config --global alias.st status
git config --global alias.co checkout
git config --global alias.br branch
git config --global alias.ci commit
git config --global alias.unstage \'reset HEAD --\'
git config --global alias.last \'log -1 HEAD\'
git config --global alias.visual \'!cursor\'

# 颜色配置
git config --global color.ui auto
git config --global color.branch auto
git config --global color.diff auto
git config --global color.status auto

# 推送配置
git config --global push.default simple
git config --global push.autoSetupRemote true

Git钩子配置

#!/bin/sh
# .git/hooks/pre-commit

# 运行代码检查
echo \"Running code quality checks...\"

# 运行Checkstyle
mvn checkstyle:check
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo \"Checkstyle check failed!\"
    exit 1
fi

# 运行SpotBugs
mvn spotbugs:check
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo \"SpotBugs check failed!\"
    exit 1
fi

# 运行测试
mvn test
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo \"Tests failed!\"
    exit 1
fi

echo \"All checks passed!\"

2. Docker配置

Dockerfile模板

# Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim

# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app

# 复制Maven包装器
COPY .mvn/ .mvn
COPY mvnw pom.xml ./

# 下载依赖
RUN ./mvnw dependency:go-offline -B

# 复制源代码
COPY src ./src

# 构建应用
RUN ./mvnw clean package -DskipTests

# 运行应用
EXPOSE 8080
CMD [\"java\", \"-jar\", \"target/*.jar\"]

Docker Compose开发环境

# docker-compose.dev.yml
version: \'3.8\'

services:
  app:
    build: .
    ports:
      - \"8080:8080\"
    environment:
      - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=dev
      - NACOS_SERVER=nacos:8848
      - MYSQL_HOST=mysql
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - redis
      - nacos
    volumes:
      - ./logs:/app/logs

  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root123
      MYSQL_DATABASE: userdb
    ports:
      - \"3306:3306\"
    volumes:
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - \"6379:6379\"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data

  nacos:
    image: nacos/nacos-server:v2.3.0
    environment:
      MODE: standalone
      SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM: mysql
      MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST: mysql
      MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME: nacos
      MYSQL_SERVICE_USER: root
      MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD: root123
    ports:
      - \"8848:8848\"
    depends_on:
      - mysql

volumes:
  mysql_data:
  redis_data:

环境验证与测试

1. 环境验证脚本

#!/bin/bash
# verify-environment.sh

echo \"=== Java开发环境验证 ===\"

# 检查Java版本
echo \"1. 检查Java版本...\"
java -version
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" Java安装成功\"
else
    echo \" Java安装失败\"
    exit 1
fi

# 检查Maven版本
echo \"2. 检查Maven版本...\"
mvn -version
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" Maven安装成功\"
else
    echo \" Maven安装失败\"
    exit 1
fi

# 检查Git版本
echo \"3. 检查Git版本...\"
git --version
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" Git安装成功\"
else
    echo \" Git安装失败\"
    exit 1
fi

# 检查Docker版本
echo \"4. 检查Docker版本...\"
docker --version
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" Docker安装成功\"
else
    echo \" Docker安装失败\"
    exit 1
fi

# 检查数据库连接
echo \"5. 检查数据库连接...\"
mysql -h localhost -u root -p -e \"SELECT 1\" 2>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" MySQL连接成功\"
else
    echo \" MySQL连接失败\"
fi

# 检查Redis连接
echo \"6. 检查Redis连接...\"
redis-cli ping 2>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" Redis连接成功\"
else
    echo \" Redis连接失败\"
fi

echo \"=== 环境验证完成 ===\"

2. 项目初始化测试

#!/bin/bash
# init-project.sh

echo \"=== 项目初始化测试 ===\"

# 创建测试项目
echo \"1. 创建测试项目...\"
mvn archetype:generate 
    -DgroupId=com.example.test 
    -DartifactId=test-project 
    -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart 
    -DinteractiveMode=false

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" 项目创建成功\"
else
    echo \" 项目创建失败\"
    exit 1
fi

# 进入项目目录
cd test-project

# 编译项目
echo \"2. 编译项目...\"
mvn clean compile
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" 项目编译成功\"
else
    echo \" 项目编译失败\"
    exit 1
fi

# 运行测试
echo \"3. 运行测试...\"
mvn test
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" 测试运行成功\"
else
    echo \" 测试运行失败\"
    exit 1
fi

# 打包项目
echo \"4. 打包项目...\"
mvn package
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo \" 项目打包成功\"
else
    echo \" 项目打包失败\"
    exit 1
fi

# 清理测试项目
cd ..
rm -rf test-project

echo \"=== 项目初始化测试完成 ===\"

性能优化建议

1. JVM性能调优

开发环境调优

# 开发环境JVM参数
export JAVA_OPTS_DEV=\"-Xms512m -Xmx2g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:+UseStringDeduplication -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai -Dspring.profiles.active=dev\"

# 启用调试信息
export JAVA_OPTS_DEV=\"$JAVA_OPTS_DEV -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=5005\"

生产环境调优

# 生产环境JVM参数
export JAVA_OPTS_PROD=\"-Xms2g -Xmx8g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=100 -XX:+UseStringDeduplication -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=/var/logs/heapdump.hprof -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai -Dspring.profiles.active=prod\"

# 启用JMX监控
export JAVA_OPTS_PROD=\"$JAVA_OPTS_PROD -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=9999 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false\"

2. Maven性能优化

Maven配置优化

<settings>
    
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>performance</id>
            <properties>
                <maven.compiler.fork>true</maven.compiler.fork>
                <maven.compiler.maxmem>1024m</maven.compiler.maxmem>
                <maven.test.skip>false</maven.test.skip>
                <maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
    
    <activeProfiles>
        <activeProfile>performance</activeProfile>
    </activeProfiles>
</settings>

构建优化脚本

#!/bin/bash
# build-optimized.sh

echo \"=== 优化构建开始 ===\"

# 清理并跳过测试构建
echo \"1. 快速构建（跳过测试）...\"
mvn clean package -DskipTests -T 4C

# 运行测试
echo \"2. 运行测试...\"
mvn test -T 4C

# 生成报告
echo \"3. 生成报告...\"
mvn site -T 4C

echo \"=== 优化构建完成 ===\"

常见问题与解决方案

1. 环境配置问题

问题1：Java版本不匹配

# 症状：编译时出现版本错误
# 错误信息：Source option 17 is no longer supported. Use 21 or later.

# 解决方案：
# 1. 检查JAVA_HOME环境变量
echo $JAVA_HOME

# 2. 更新Maven编译器配置
# 在pom.xml中设置正确的Java版本

    17
    17

问题2：Maven依赖下载失败

# 症状：依赖下载超时或失败
# 错误信息：Could not transfer artifact

# 解决方案：
# 1. 配置阿里云镜像
# 在settings.xml中添加镜像配置

    
        <id>aliyun
        Aliyun Maven
        https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public
        central
    


# 2. 清理本地仓库
mvn dependency:purge-local-repository

2. 开发工具问题

问题3：Cursor IDE插件冲突

// 解决方案：禁用冲突插件
{
  \"extensions.ignoreRecommendations\": false,
  \"extensions.autoUpdate\": false,
  \"java.configuration.runtimes\": [
    {
      \"name\": \"JavaSE-17\",
      \"path\": \"/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk\"
    }
  ]
}

问题4：数据库连接问题

# 解决方案：检查数据库配置
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/userdb?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
    username: root
    password: password
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    hikari:
      maximum-pool-size: 20
      minimum-idle: 5
      connection-timeout: 30000
      idle-timeout: 600000
      max-lifetime: 1800000

总结

通过本章的学习，我们完成了Java开发环境的全面配置，包括：

核心配置

1. JDK环境：多版本管理、JVM参数优化
2. 构建工具：Maven/Gradle配置、插件管理
3. IDE集成：Cursor IDE插件、代码质量工具
4. 数据库环境：MySQL、Redis配置
5. 开发工具链：Git、Docker配置

最佳实践

1. 版本管理：使用SDKMAN等工具管理多版本
2. 性能优化：合理的JVM参数和构建配置
3. 代码质量：集成Checkstyle、SpotBugs等工具
4. 环境隔离：使用Docker进行环境隔离
5. 自动化：脚本化环境验证和项目初始化

关键优势

1. 标准化：统一的开发环境配置
2. 高效性：优化的构建和运行性能
3. 可维护性：清晰的配置管理和文档
4. 可扩展性：支持团队协作和CI/CD集成

在下一节中，我们将学习MCP服务器的安装与配置，为MCP在Java项目中的应用做好准备。通过系统性的环境配置，我们能够充分发挥MCP和Cursor IDE的强大功能，实现高效的Java开发。

下一节预告：我们将详细介绍MCP服务器的安装与配置，包括服务器选择、配置管理、连接建立等，为MCP在Java项目中的应用奠定坚实基础。